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1
Offer 信检查清单Offer Letter Checklist
Five things to check before you sign签字前必看的五项
| 项目Item | 英文术语English Term | 要看清楚What to check |
|---|---|---|
| 职位名称Job Title | Job Title / Position | 与面试讨论的一致吗？Matches what you discussed? |
| 入职日期Start Date | Start Date | 够时间通知现雇主吗？Enough time to give notice? |
| 工资金额Compensation | Hourly Rate / Annual Salary | 时薪还是年薪？多少？Hourly or salary? How much? |
| 工作时间Work Schedule | Hours / Schedule / FLSA Status | 全职/兼职？非豁免 (有加班费) 还是豁免？Full or part-time? Non-exempt (overtime) or exempt? |
| 福利Benefits | Health / Dental / 401k / PTO | 什么时候开始？要等 90 天吗？When does coverage start? 90-day wait? |
| 入职奖金Signing Bonus | Signing / Sign-on Bonus | 有的话什么时候发？要待多久？When paid? Must you stay X months? |
| 试用期Probation Period | Probationary Period | 通常 90 天 — 期间可以解雇Usually 90 days — can be terminated easily |
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工资计算参考Pay Math Reference
Common deductions on a California paycheck加州工资单常见的扣款
| 扣款类型Deduction | 大约比例Typical Rate | 说明Description |
|---|---|---|
| 联邦所得税Federal Income Tax | 10–22% | 取决于 W-4 和总收入Depends on W-4 and total income |
| 加州州税CA State Income Tax | 1–9.3% | 取决于总收入 — 大多数低于 5%Depends on income — most workers pay under 5% |
| 社安税Social Security (FICA) | 6.2% | 退休、残障保障 — 工资 $168,600 以下都扣 (2024)Retirement & disability — up to $168,600 of wages (2024) |
| 医疗税Medicare | 1.45% | 65岁以后的医疗保险Funds Medicare health coverage at age 65+ |
| 加州 SDICA SDI | 1.0% (2024) | 残障保险 + 带薪家庭假State Disability Insurance + Paid Family Leave |
| 健康保险 (premium)Health Insurance | $50–300/月$50–300/month | 雇主出大部分，您出一小部分Employer covers most, you cover a small share |
| 401k 自存401k Contribution | 您选 0–10%+You choose 0–10%+ | 存进退休账户 — 减税Goes into retirement account — reduces taxable income |
💡 大约规则：毛工资 × 75–80% ≈ 到手金额。例如毛工资 $1,600，到手大约 $1,200–1,280。
💡 Rough rule: Gross × 75–80% ≈ Take-home. Example: $1,600 gross → about $1,200–1,280 net.
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医保术语速查Health Insurance Glossary
Key terms to understand your health plan看懂您的医保需要的词汇
| 英文English Term | 中文Chinese | 解释What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Premium | 月供Monthly Premium | 每月固定要付的医保费 — 通常从工资里扣Fixed monthly cost — usually deducted from paycheck |
| Deductible | 自付额Annual Deductible | 您先自付到这个数，保险才开始报销Amount you pay first before insurance helps |
| Copay | 挂号费Visit Copay | 每次看医生的固定金额 — 通常 $20–50Fixed amount per visit — typically $20–50 |
| Coinsurance | 共付比例Coinsurance | 您和保险按比例分担 — 例如您 20%You and insurance split the bill — e.g. you pay 20% |
| Out-of-pocket Max | 最高自费上限Out-of-pocket Max | 一年自付的最高金额 — 超过保险全付Yearly cap — insurance pays 100% above this |
| HMO / PPO | HMO / PPO 计划HMO / PPO Plans | HMO 便宜但要选定医生；PPO 贵但选择多HMO is cheaper, restricted doctors; PPO costs more, more freedom |
| In-network | 网络内医生In-network Provider | 和保险有合约的医生 — 看这些医生最便宜Doctors contracted with your insurance — cheapest to see |
| Open Enrollment | 开放选保期Open Enrollment | 一年一次选/换保险的窗口 — 错过要等明年Yearly window to choose or change plans — miss it, wait a year |
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401k 速查表401k Cheat Sheet
How a 401k works in plain language简单几句看懂 401k
| 问题Question | 答案Answer |
|---|---|
| 什么是 401k？What is a 401k? | 退休账户 — 从您工资扣一点存起来，到老了用A retirement account — money taken from your paycheck for use later in life |
| 为什么叫 "免费的钱"？Why is it called "free money"? | 雇主配 — 您存 $1，他们也存 $1 (例) — 这就是工资的一部分Employer match — for every $1 you save, they add $1 (example) — that's part of your total pay |
| 至少存多少？How much should I save? | 至少存到能拿到 "全额配对" — 通常 3–6%At least enough to get the full employer match — usually 3–6% |
| 什么时候能用？When can I use it? | 59½ 岁后免税取 — 提前取要交 10% 罚款Age 59½+ for tax-free withdrawal — earlier = 10% penalty |
| 换工作怎么办？What if I change jobs? | 钱归您 — 可以转到新公司的 401k 或个人 IRAMoney stays yours — roll it over to new 401k or personal IRA |
| 没有身份能存吗？Can I contribute without legal status? | 能 — 只要雇主给您发 W-2 工资Yes — as long as the employer pays you on a W-2 |
5
W-4 表格 速查W-4 Quick Guide
Five steps to fill out the form填表五步走
| 步骤Step | 做什么What to do | 提示Tip |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 个人信息 + 申报身份Personal info + filing status | 姓名、地址、SSN/ITIN、单身/已婚Name, address, SSN/ITIN, single or married |
| 2 | 多份工作？Multiple jobs? | 2+ 份工作或配偶也工作 — 勾选Check if 2+ jobs or working spouse |
| 3 | 家属抵免Claim dependents | 17岁以下小孩 $2,000；其他家属 $500$2,000/child under 17; $500/other dependent |
| 4 | 其他调整 (可选)Other adjustments (optional) | 大多数人留空Most people leave blank |
| 5 | 签名 + 日期Sign and date | 不签不生效 — 别忘了Not valid without signature — don't forget |
📥 下载表格：irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-w-4 · 中文：irs.gov/zh-hans
📥 Download: irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-w-4
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假期与病假 (加州)Time Off (California)
Your legal rights and typical amounts您的法定权利与常见水平
| 类型Type | 法律要求Required by Law? | 常见天数Typical Amount |
|---|---|---|
| 带薪病假Paid Sick Leave | ✓ 加州法律 — 至少 5 天/年 (2024起)✓ CA law — at least 5 days/year (2024+) | 全职、兼职、临时工都有All workers: full-time, part-time, temporary |
| 带薪假期Paid Vacation | ✗ 法律不强制 — 看雇主提供✗ Not required by law — employer's choice | 10–15 天/年 (越久越多)10–15 days/year (grows with tenure) |
| 联邦假日Federal Holidays | ✗ 私人公司不强制 — 但大多数给✗ Not required for private employers | 6–11 天/年6–11 days/year |
| 带薪家庭假Paid Family Leave | ✓ 加州 PFL — 最多 8 周 (产假/照顾家人)✓ CA Paid Family Leave — up to 8 weeks | 由 SDI 资助 — 工资的 70–90%Funded by SDI — 70–90% of wages |
| 短期残障保险Short-term Disability | ✓ 加州 SDI — 最多 52 周✓ CA SDI — up to 52 weeks | 非工作受伤、生病、生产 (从工资扣 1%)Non-work injury, illness, pregnancy (1% payroll tax) |
7
谈判用语 (英文)Negotiation Scripts
Polite and effective phrases for salary discussions礼貌又有效的薪水谈判句
| 场景Situation | 英语 (说出来)English (say this) | 中文Chinese |
|---|---|---|
| 问能否提高薪水Ask for higher pay | "Thank you for the offer. Based on my experience, would you consider $X?" | 谢谢您的录用。考虑到我的经验，可以给到 $X 吗？谢谢您的录用。考虑到我的经验，可以给到 $X 吗？ |
| 询问福利Ask about benefits | "Could you tell me more about the benefits package?" | 能多介绍一下福利吗？能多介绍一下福利吗？ |
| 争取入职奖金Ask for signing bonus | "Is there room for a signing bonus to help with the transition?" | 可以考虑给一些入职奖金来帮我过渡吗？可以考虑给一些入职奖金来帮我过渡吗？ |
| 争取多一些 PTOAsk for more PTO | "If the salary is firm, could we discuss additional vacation days?" | 如果薪水不能动，可以多加几天带薪假吗？如果薪水不能动，可以多加几天带薪假吗？ |
| 需要时间考虑Buy time to decide | "Thank you. May I have a few days to review the offer?" | 谢谢。我可以有几天时间考虑这份录用吗？谢谢。我可以有几天时间考虑这份录用吗？ |
| 正式接受Formally accept | "I'm pleased to accept the offer of [Position] starting [Date]." | 我很高兴接受 [职位] 的录用，自 [日期] 起入职。我很高兴接受 [职位] 的录用，自 [日期] 起入职。 |
💡 谈判前研究市场行情：indeed.com/career/salaries · glassdoor.com
💡 Research market rates first: indeed.com/career/salaries · glassdoor.com
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本地资源Local Resources
Free help with offers, taxes, and benefits in LA洛杉矶的免费就业、税务、福利资源
华埠服务中心Chinatown Service Center
Chinatown Service Center (CSC)华埠服务中心
213-808-1700
767 N Hill St, Los Angeles CA 90012
cscla.org
Offer 信解读 · W-4 帮助 · 福利讲解 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles CA 90012
cscla.org
Offer review · W-4 help · Benefits counseling
cscla.org
Offer 信解读 · W-4 帮助 · 福利讲解 767 N Hill St, Los Angeles CA 90012
cscla.org
Offer review · W-4 help · Benefits counseling
免费 · 双语 · 无需证件Free · Bilingual · No ID required
国税局 (IRS)IRS — Tax Forms
Internal Revenue Service国税局
1-800-829-1040
中文按 8 · irs.gov/zh-hans
W-4 表格 · ITIN 申请 · 报税 Press 8 for Chinese · irs.gov/zh-hans
W-4 forms · ITIN applications · Tax filing
W-4 表格 · ITIN 申请 · 报税 Press 8 for Chinese · irs.gov/zh-hans
W-4 forms · ITIN applications · Tax filing
联邦机构 · 中文专线Federal agency · Chinese line
加州劳工委员会CA Labor Commissioner
CA Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE)加州劳工标准执行局
213-620-6330
dir.ca.gov/dlse
工资被扣 · 病假被拒 · 加班费 dir.ca.gov/dlse
Wage theft · Sick leave denied · Overtime owed
工资被扣 · 病假被拒 · 加班费 dir.ca.gov/dlse
Wage theft · Sick leave denied · Overtime owed
免费投诉 · 不问身份Free to file · Status not asked
加州就业发展局EDD California
CA Employment Development Dept加州就业发展局
1-800-300-5616
edd.ca.gov · 中文按 2
SDI 残障保险 · 带薪家庭假 · 失业金 edd.ca.gov · Press 2 for Chinese
SDI · Paid Family Leave · Unemployment
SDI 残障保险 · 带薪家庭假 · 失业金 edd.ca.gov · Press 2 for Chinese
SDI · Paid Family Leave · Unemployment
官方政府机构Official state agency
免费报税 VITAFree Tax Prep — VITA
Volunteer Income Tax Assistance志愿者免费报税
211 (LA County)
irs.treasury.gov/freetaxprep
低收入家庭免费报税 · 多语言 irs.treasury.gov/freetaxprep
Free tax prep for low-income families · Multilingual
低收入家庭免费报税 · 多语言 irs.treasury.gov/freetaxprep
Free tax prep for low-income families · Multilingual
免费 · 报税季 1–4月Free · Tax season Jan–Apr
Covered CaliforniaCovered California
CA Health Insurance Marketplace加州健康保险交易所
1-800-300-1506
coveredca.com · 中文热线 1-800-300-1533
没医保？这里可以买 coveredca.com · Chinese line: 1-800-300-1533
No employer health plan? Buy coverage here
没医保？这里可以买 coveredca.com · Chinese line: 1-800-300-1533
No employer health plan? Buy coverage here
低收入可补贴Subsidies for low-income